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Classic-fitting, short-sleeved polo shirt, cut for a comfortable fit.

Literature is part of our cultural heritage which is freely available to everyone, and which can enrich our lives in all kinds of ways. Once we have broken the barriers that make studying literature seem daunting, we find that literary works can be entertaining, beautiful, funny, or tragic. They can convey profundity of thought, richness of emotion, and insight into character. They take us beyond our limited experience of life to show us the lives of other people at other times. They stir us intellectually and emotionally, and deepen our understanding of our history, our society, and our own individual lives.

In great writing from the past we find the England of our ancestors, and we not only see the country and the people as they were, but we also soak up the climate of the times through the language itself, its vocabulary, grammar, and tone. We would only have to consider the writing of Chaucer, Shakespeare, Boswell, Dickens, and Samuel Beckett side by side to see how the way writers use language embodies the cultural atmosphere of their time.

Literature can also give us glimpses of much earlier ages. Glimpses of Celtic Ireland in the poetry of W. B. Yeats, or of the Romans in Shakespeare?s plays, for example, can take us in our imaginations back to the roots of our culture, and the sense of continuity and change we get from surveying our history enhances our understanding of our modern world.

Literature can enrich our experience in other ways too. London, for example, is all the more interesting a city when behind what we see today we see the London known to Dickens, Boswell and Johnson, or Shakespeare. And our feeling for nature can be deepened when a landscape calls to mind images from, say, Wordsworth, Thomas Hardy, or Ted Hughes.

The world of English literature consists, apart from anything else, of an astonishing array of characters, from the noble to the despicable - representations of people from all walks of life engaged in all kinds of activities. Through their characters great authors convey their insights into human nature, and we might find that we can better understand people we know if we recognise in them characteristics we have encountered in literature. Perhaps we see that a certain man’s behaviour resembles that of Antony in Antony and Cleopatra, or a certain woman is rather like The Wife of Bath in Chaucer’s Canterbury Tales. Seeing such similarities can help us to understand and accept other people.

Good works of literature are not museum pieces, preserved and studied only for historical interest. They last because they remain fresh, transcending as well as embodying the era in which they were written. Each reader reading each work is a new and unique event and the works speak to us now, telling us truths about human life which are relevant to all times.

We don?t have to read far before we find that a writer has portrayed a character who is in some way like us, confronting life-experiences in some way like our own and when we find ourselves caught up with the struggles of a character perhaps we are rehearsing the struggles to come in our own lives. And when we are moved by a poem it can enrich us by putting words to feelings which had lain dormant for lack of a way of expressing them, or been long-forgotten in the daily round of the workplace, the supermarket, the traffic jam, and the TV News.

We can gain a lot from literature in many ways, but the most rewarding experiences can come in those moments when we feel the author has communicated something personally to us, one individual to another. Such moments can help validate our personal experience at a depth which is rarely reached by everyday life or the mass media.

So why do we need to study English Literature, instead of just reading it? Well, we don’t need to, but when visiting a country for the first time it can help to have books by people who have been there before by our side.

When we start to read literature, particularly older works, we have to accept that we are not going to get the instant gratification that we have become used to from popular entertainment. We have to make an effort to accommodate to the writer?s use of language, and to appreciate the ideas he is offering. Critics can help us make that transition, and can help fill out our understanding by telling us something about the social climate in which a work was written, or about the personal circumstances of the author while he was writing it.

We are not going to enjoy every literary work, and there may be times when we find reading a critic is more interesting than reading the actual work. Reading the work of a good critic can be edifying in itself. Making the effort to shape our own thoughts into an essay is also an edifying experience, and just as good literature lasts, so do the personal benefits that we gain from studying and writing about it.

Whether we choose to study it or read it for pleasure, when we look back over our literature we are looking back over incredible richness. Not just museum pieces, but living works which we can buy in bookshops, borrow from the library, or download from the internet and read today, right now.

Ian Mackean runs the sites Literature-study-online, which features a substantial collection of Resources and Essays, (and where his site on Short Story Writing can also be found,) and Books made into movies. He is the editor of The Essentials of Literature in English post-1914, ISBN 0340882689, which was published by Hodder Arnold in 2005. (When not writing about literature or short story writing he is a keen amateur photographer, and has made a site of his photography at photo-zen)

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French Kitty - Ooh La La - Meow!!New from French Kitty - Cotton Pajama Set. Even a Diva deserves to be comfortable sometimes - these Paris Apartment style Lolita PJ’s are the perfect way to lounge around in true French Kitty Diva Style! We had this set put together just for us to offer to our French Kitty Fans - it is called Bottles and Baubles. It pays homage to the Bottles and Baubles you would find on a True Diva’s dressing table. The Top is a comfy stretchy white cotton tank with an illustration of a French Perfume Bottle and reads Don’t overdo it - a little goes a long way. It is trimmed in Pink Lace.The lounge pant capri length Pajama Bottoms are a super soft Cotton in White with a print that features collectible perfume bottles, hand mirrors, gift boxes, mascara and fancy decanters. They are trimmed with a contrasting Black Lace. Just perfect for lounging around with a glass of champagne and bon bons while catching up on your reading of all the latest in this seasons fashion magazines.Sizing Chart for French Kitty PJ’s. Measurements taken flat unstretched - they are 100% Cotton and do stretch - the tops stretch a lot like your typical ribbed cotton tank top. Size Small 32 inch chest flat unstretched - 28 inch waist flat unstretched.Size Medium 32 inch chest flat unstretched - 29 inch waist flat unstretched.Size Large 34 inch chest flat unstretched - 30 inch waist flat unstretched.

No wonder here comes a question about the contradiction of these principles with the existed slavery both in USA, that proclaimed the ideas of democracy and liberty, and in French colonies, with a very enlightened and liberal metropolis.

As the supporters of slavery argued, slavery was secured by the Bible, and slaves were considered to be the property, so the abolition of slavery was seen by them as the breaking their right for owning property. Moreover even though that capitalist and market relations, that began to develop and widely spread in most of the developed countries, pushed the level of goods production on the new stage more progressive and prosperous, as it was in Old World, where slave labor was not used at all in the industry or agriculture, in the New World, where there was a lot of virgin territories for agriculture and goods production, there was not enough labor, so slaves, as the plantation owners thought were the only labor that could be used, and the moral side of the question was of no interest for them. That?s why all the importance and observance of proclaimed democratic principles of equality was worth nothing because of the existed slavery. It just one more time highlighted the absurd, groundless and immoral theory of ?superiority? of white men. It was democracy for chosen, very limited and that depended upon the heritage of the person, not his personal traits.

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Fredrick Douglas highlighted it in his speech ?What to slave is the Fourth of July?, stating that everyone had been created equal, and it was stated not just in the principles and dogmas of Christianity, but in the Declaration of independence as well. He stated that all men are equal, and social division can not be done just by the race, heritage, and that slavery was breaking the main right of the man, which was guaranteed by the law, the right for life and freedom. And how could a man have freedom without having freedom over his own body.

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Douglas?s speech more than opened, the very truth of slavery in the USA, showing that it was a real and shameful breaking of all the existed laws that defended the integrity of the human, his life, destiny, freedom and democratic moral.

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Egyptian Perfume Bottle

Hand blown from Pyrex, accented with 24k gold etchings. This beautiful bottle is a reminiscent piece of the mystical era of Shahrezad and the famous stories of 1001 nights!

Besides its primary use for body oils and perfume, this truly magnificent piece is a real collector’s dream. An ornament and decoration for your house.

Due to the handmade nature, sizes are approximate and may vary slightly.

Dimensions: 7 height.

Customer Reviews

Review date : 2008-12-27
To begin with…
This is a perfectly good perfume vial.
However, it looks different from the picture.
It is not a compltely pink glass vial. The vial has some red, and orangish colors to it.
Other than that…
I would say that this is a very nice item. I just wish I would have known what it really looked like before I purchased it.
However…
The way it looks in person is still very pretty, just not as pretty as the picture.

Elizabeth Bathory was born into a powerful family in Hungary in 1560. Her parents were George and Anna Bathroy and belonged to one of the oldest, wealthiest aristorcratic families in Hungary. She had a cousin who became Prime Minister and her Uncle, Stephan Bathory, became the King of Poland reigning between 1575 ? 1586. No doubt in part caused by inbreeding between many of the noble families, the Bathory family had more than its fair share of strange and often demented family members. These included and Uncle who was knows as an ardent Satanist and an Aunt, Klara, who was openly bisexual (at a time when it was far from ?acceptable?) and Klara always had a house fully of very willing ?guests? including frequent visits by Elizabeth.

Elizabeth Bathory?s introduction to torture and sadism started early in her life with the first recorded incident being when she witnessed the death of a visiting gypsy accused of selling his children. Penalties for such a crime could be harsh, so after a night of torture in which his screams were heard throughout the castle, he was taken at dawn for his gruesome execution. This involved being sown into the belly of a freshly killed horse and left to die slowly and painfully with the procedure being witnessed by Elizabeth. Needless to say this made a lasting impression on Elizabeth and reinforced her already strongly held belief that lives of those under her were cheap.

As was often the custom at the time, Elizabeth was married early at the age of just 15. by an arranged marriage to Ferenc Nadasdy who became known as ?The Black Knight of Hungary?. After the marriage they moved to one of the largest of their many properties, the mountain fortress of Castle Csejthe overlooking the village of Csejthe in north-western Hungary. Despite his background, Ferenc was poorly educated and spent much of his time fighting and warring, leaving Elizabeth very much to her own devices.

At the time it was common to beat the servants of a household for small infringements, sometimes severely. However, Elizabeth soon took this to new heights and by her early 20?s had become very inventive in ways to torture and punish her servants, savouring their screams and pleas for mercy. Her more inventive punishments included the use of heated pins inserted into the face, lips, limbs and fingernails as well as the removal of pieces of sensitive flesh with glowing pincers. When a more severe ?punishment? was called for the offending girl would often be dragged naked into the snow to be doused with iced water until she froze to death.

Elizabeth?s husband was far from innocent with regard to the tortures. Although he didn?t quite share Elizabeth?s fondness for screams and blood he often took a part in the tortures on the return from his campaigns. Indeed he was a great source of ideas for new tortures and punishments that Elizabeth could use, having learnt them on his brutal campaigns. One of her favourite punishments at this time would be to sew the lips together of any servant who spoke at the wrong time.

Ferenc Nadasdy’s died in 1604, said to have been murdered by a Harlot in Bucharest, so all of his property and responsibilities passed on to Elizabeth. Without her husband to restrain her even a little Elizabeth’s tortures and excesses became even more extreme. Hailed throughout Hungary in her early years as a great beauty she soon became obsessed with her age and looks. Rumour has it that when an unfortunate servant girl managed to catch a knot in Elizabeth’s hair whilst brushing it, Elizabeth hit the girl so hard that blood splashed on her the back of her hand. As she wiped the blood off, she imagined that the skin touched by the blood had regained the smooth complexion for which it had once been famous, thus restoring her youth. Turning to her friends and accomplices in her torture games, known as Anna Darvulia, Helena Jo and Dorothea Szentes (Dorka), they assured between them that indeed the blood of young women, especially virgins, could be on ready supply to help restore her youth and looks.

From that day on Elizabeth Bathory’s excesses grew and so did the number of girls tortured and killed. One of her favourite games was said to be to place the victim in a spherical cage too small to stand up in. The torture cage would hang by chains from the ceiling so that it could be easily swung. The inside of the cage was covered in spikes and the swinging motion would cause the victim to thrown around the cage, tearing the flesh and puncturing body as it scraped against the spikes. Elizabeth was then said to have stood underneath and covered herself in blood as it cascaded from the victims body.

It wasn’t long before the source of peasant girls started to dry up and after the death of her friend (and probable lover) Anna Darvulia, she turned to minor nobility for her sport and sadistic games. This combined with the body disposal becoming increasingly careless meant the authorities had no choice but to act shortly after. For mainly political reasons Elizabeth escaped death and instead was walled up in her room in the castle, with just a small hole for light and another for food. Of her friends and accomplices - Helena Jo and Dorothea Szentes had their fingers ripped off with red hot pincers before they were thrown alive into fires. The others were beheaded and their corpses burnt on the same fires.

Elizabeth was said to have lasted for several years, sealed in her room, before being found dead one day by a guard in 1614. The more supersticious believe that her death was the result of being deprived of virgins blood that gave her youth for so many years, obviously you?re free to make up your own mind on that issue. During her reign of terror 650 girls and women were reported to have been tortured and killed.

Elizabeth Brodie is the owner of Dark Passions Gothic Jewellery - a UK based online store selling a huge range of gothic jewellery and gifts.

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Short-sleeved polo now featuring a slim tighter fit. Breathable mercerized stretch cotton mesh. Two-button placket. Ribbed polo collar and armbands. Even-vented hem. Embroidered pony logo accents the chest. 97% cotton, 3% elastane. Machine washable. Imported.

There are some indicators for aesthetically pleasing paintings that also bode well for wise investing. You need to be reasonably sure when buying for investment that you are purchasing a painting that is aesthetically appealing to others as well as yourself.

In terms of universal appeal, it helps greatly if aesthetically the painting is broadly liked. Paintings that are most likely to fall into this category usually have subject matter that is not imposing, that has broad appeal. As a comparison, landscapes are a popular painted and bought subject, people can relate to landscapes in a great number of ways. Portraits on the other hand, most often have a limited appeal because of the difficulty people have with associating or relating a representation of an unknown person with something and somewhere that is familiar to them. Consider balance, composition and colour of a painting. There is a balance and symmetry in life and nature. In a visually appealing painting balance and symmetry are also evident. Appealing paintings generally don?t have too much painted over one side or on the top or the bottom of the painting. When considering composition, as a viewer of a painting, your eye is drawn to the most important part of the artwork. Good paintings, lead your eye over the whole canvas, and then draw you to this point. Most paintings are composed around a triangular structure, which leads your eye around the painting.

It goes without saying that colour is more than just considering whether the painting will match modern d?cor. It?s worth keeping in mind that colour is an important facet of our lives, most importantly, it affects our moods. Bright, vibrant colours encourage a lively, jovial atmosphere. Dark coloured paintings can create sombre, reflective and perhaps more formal environments. White represents simplicity, cleanliness, winter. Orange is considered a warm colour and expresses energy. Blue is considered a business colour because it reflects reliability. Red is the colour that we pay the most attention. It is associated with danger. Colour choice can make or break a painting. If the wrong combinations of colours are used, it makes for a visually unappealing painting.

Consider balance, composition and colour when purchasing but also take a moment to consider your own feelings about the painting. Take note of the context of the painting. Does it draw your mind to much to the past and be in danger of becoming dated or old fashioned? Consider the mood of the piece. It is sombre or exciting? Is the painting an intelligent reflection of the artist?s talents and knowledge of art and art history or is it childish or crudely composed? Consider how you relate to the painting. Has the artist encouraged individual interpretations or is the painting one that can only be truly understood by the artist. From an aesthetic point of view art selection does come down to how you feel and relate to a painting.

Enjoy the art you purchase. Whatever motivates you to buy art collect those that give you enjoyment. Art Investment can for various periods of time and in most cases you will be living with the artwork. Living with art is different from just viewing it in a gallery. A well chosen artwork can be enjoyed over time in changing lights and varying moods and will reveal different features, colours and details.

Sian Whitehall is the co-founder for Smart Art Investments. An Australian art investment website. She has built a knowledge base of Australian artists and art investment information and would like to share her own knowledge and understandings with others.

Serious collectors will be pleased to know that http://www.smartartinvestments.com.au is committed to showcasing the work of quality Australian artists.

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Designed to keep the active PacSun girl refreshed & feminine, Nollie combines the scents of sweet fruit & light floral undertones with hints of pink rose petals& white jasmine.

Customer Reviews

Review date : 2008-07-23
I’m 41, but I love this perfume. I have a hard time with most perfumes, because most give me a headache. This perfume DOES last a long time and people are frequently asking what I’m wearing, even many hours later after I’ve sprayed. Sometimes, I’ll walk by a group and hear someone say "Wow, something smells really good!" and they seemingly can’t pinpoint that it’s actually someone’s perfume, because it’s so clean and fresh smelling. Men absolutely love it too. It’s pretty much all I wear nowadays. I highly recommend the green version for any woman at any age.

Review date : 2007-09-30
I had a hard time finding this size in the PacSun store so to see it online was a relief! Thanks

Review date : 2007-05-27
I purchased this fragrance at the request of my niece who wanted it for her birthday. I have no clue as to how it smells but she was quite pleased with it. It seems to be a popular fragrance among teenagers in her school and she claims to be one of the few who actually have it. Made her quite popular..lol
I rated it as a 5 since she was so thrilled to receive it. Purchase of the item was easy and it arrived on time.

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I love it, it smells wonderful and lasts all day or night.
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the only thing I dont like about it is that it doesnt seem to last very long, It sprays to much out at once and before you know it the bottle is empty.

The history of Native American Indians is something that many individuals know little about. Native American Indian history is taught in most schools located on Indian reservations, but they should not be the only place where it is taught. Most public and private schools quickly cover Native American Indian history, but many students do not learn everything they could or should.

If Native American Indian history is not extensively covered in your child?s school, there are a number of ways that you can educate them yourself. Many parents wonder why they should continue to educate their children on the history of Native American Indians. The answer varies, but there are number of different ways that a child could benefit from being educated on Native American Indian history.

As previously mentioned, there are a number of different ways to educate your children on the history of Native American Indians. Many of these ways can include the whole family. In addition to educating your child, your family could also spend quality time together. What could be more fun than that?

In history classes across the country, most students are educated in the form of books. Books are a valuable source of information, but there are ways to educate a child and have fun at the same time. Parents are encouraged to take their children to a Native American Indian museum. Native American Indian museums are located all around the country. They allow children to physically see Native American Indian artifacts and much more. This experience is more memorable than reading a passage out of a book.

Another way to educate your children on Native American Indian history is to play a game. There are a number of online websites that offer homemade game ideas or you could develop your own. Board games or flash card games can be developed. These games can easily include important Native American Indian history facts. Children of all ages love games and it is a fun way to learn at the same time.

In addition to playing a history game or visiting a museum, it is also possible to learn the history of Native American Indians by watching movies. There are a wide variety of educational movies available for parents and children of all ages. Watching these movies together as a family is a great way for everyone to educate themselves on the struggles that the Native American Indians faced and the victories that they achieved.

It has been said that children that are educated on the history of multiple cultures will grow-up more diverse. Don?t limit your child by only letting their school educate them. You never know, but you may learn valuable Native American Indian history facts yourself.

Edward Charkow is the administrator for American Indian History. For more information please visit http://www.americanindian-history.com